Which sterilization method is specifically described as a low-temperature option suitable for heat-sensitive instruments?

• A. Steam sterilization (autoclave).
• B. Ethylene oxide gas sterilization.
• C. Hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization.
• D. Dry heat sterilization.

Answer: (D)

When instruments are sensitive to heat, the goal is to sterilize them without exposing them to high temperatures. Steam sterilization uses very high heat and moisture, which can warp or degrade delicate devices. Dry heat also relies on high temperatures for longer times, which similarly isn’t suitable for heat‑sensitive instruments. A low‑temperature option described for heat‑sensitive items is ethylene oxide gas sterilization. It operates at much lower temperatures, allowing plastics, electronics, and other fragile devices to be sterilized without heat damage. It’s effective against a wide range of microbes, but requires careful handling and aeration because of toxicity and residue. Hydrogen peroxide plasma is another low‑temperature method, using vapor and plasma at around 50°C and offering faster cycles with fewer residues, though not all materials are compatible. In the context of this question, ethylene oxide gas sterilization is the classic low‑temperature choice for heat‑sensitive instruments.