Which sterilization method is specifically used for low-temperature sterilization to protect heat-sensitive instruments?

• A. Steam (autoclave).
• B. Ethylene oxide gas.
• C. Dry heat.
• D. Hydrogen peroxide plasma/low-temperature sterilization.

Answer: (D)

Low-temperature sterilization is used when instruments can’t withstand heat. Steam autoclaving and dry heat rely on high temperatures, so they can damage heat-sensitive tools. Ethylene oxide is a true low-temperature option, but it has drawbacks like long cycle times, toxic residues that require extensive aeration, and safety concerns. Hydrogen peroxide plasma/low-temperature sterilization, on the other hand, uses vaporized hydrogen peroxide that is activated into a plasma to generate reactive species at low temperatures. This effectively sterilizes without heat and typically with shorter cycles, leaving minimal residues (it decomposes into water and oxygen). It’s especially suitable for heat-sensitive instruments such as plastics, optics, and electronics, preserving functionality while achieving sterility.