What is the most common sterilization method for heat-stable items in the OR?

• A. Ethylene oxide gas sterilization.
• B. Dry heat sterilization.
• C. Steam sterilization (autoclaving).
• D. UV sterilization.

Answer: (C)

Steam sterilization, or autoclaving, is the standard method for heat-stable surgical instruments in the OR because it delivers rapid, reliable sterilization using saturated steam under pressure. The moist heat penetrates wrapped packs and instrument lumens effectively, killing microorganisms quickly and consistently. It’s also cost-efficient and widely available, making it the preferred option for routine instrument sets and trays.

Items that don’t tolerate moisture or high heat are handled with alternative methods: ethylene oxide gas is used for heat- and moisture-sensitive items but requires long cycles and aeration due to toxic residues; dry heat sterilization works for some heat-stable items but needs much longer exposure times and higher temperatures; UV sterilization mainly cleans surfaces and cannot penetrate packaging or reach complex instruments, so it isn’t suitable for sterilizing entire instrument sets.